Roth vs Traditional IRA
Schedule MMethodology and Source Ledger

Methodology and IRS source ledger

Every contribution limit, income phase-out, required-minimum-distribution age, conversion rule, and withdrawal exception on this site is sourced from IRS publications, IRS notices, and the relevant sections of the Internal Revenue Code. This page is the ledger: what we cite, where it lives, how often it refreshes, and when it was last verified.

Last verified

2026-05-27

Next IRS update

2026-11-10

IRS COLA notice typically posts week 2 of November

Primary notice
IRS Notice 2025-67

Sets 2026 limits

Primary publication
IRS Pub 590-A

Contributions and limits

§ I

The authoritative sources we cite

The IRS is the only authority on IRA contribution limits, income phase-outs, required-minimum-distribution ages, and the tax treatment of distributions. We do not paraphrase commentary from third-party finance sites; every figure on RothvsTraditionalIRA.com traces back to one of the following primary sources.

IRS Publication 590-A: Contributions to Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs)

Verified 2026-05-27

Contribution limits, deduction phase-outs, MAGI definition, spousal IRA, rollover rules, conversion mechanics, Form 8606 reporting, excess contribution penalty.

Source URL →PDF →Refresh: Annual (typically Feb-Mar release for prior tax year)

IRS Publication 590-B: Distributions from Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs)

Verified 2026-05-27

Required minimum distributions, the two 5-year rules, early withdrawal exceptions, inherited IRA rules, qualified distributions, IRMAA implications.

Source URL →PDF →Refresh: Annual

IRS Notice 2025-67: 2026 Limitations Adjusted as Provided in Section 415(d), etc.

Verified 2026-05-27

2026 contribution limits, phase-out thresholds, 401(k)/403(b)/TSP elective deferral, SIMPLE IRA, SEP-IRA, compensation limits.

Source URL →Published: 2025-11-13

IRS Notice 2024-80: 2025 Limitations Adjusted as Provided in Section 415(d), etc.

Verified 2026-05-27

2025 retirement-plan limits.

Source URL →Published: 2024-11-01

IRS Retirement Topics — IRA Contribution Limits

Verified 2026-05-27

Quick-reference page for current and prior contribution limits.

Source URL →Refresh: Updated mid-November for next tax year

IRS COLA Increases for Dollar Limitations on Benefits and Contributions

Verified 2026-05-27

Multi-year table of cost-of-living-adjusted limits.

Source URL →Refresh: Annual (first/second week of November)

IRS Publication 560: Retirement Plans for Small Business (SEP, SIMPLE, and Qualified Plans)

Verified 2026-05-27

SEP-IRA and SIMPLE IRA contribution rules for self-employed and small-business owners.

Source URL →Refresh: Annual

IRS Publication 969: Health Savings Accounts and Other Tax-Favored Health Plans

Verified 2026-05-27

HSA contribution limits. Referenced on the Roth IRA vs HSA comparison page.

Source URL →Refresh: Annual

IRS Publication 970: Tax Benefits for Education

Verified 2026-05-27

529 plan rules. Referenced on the SECURE 2.0 529-to-Roth rollover page.

Source URL →Refresh: Annual

IRS Form 8606 (Nondeductible IRAs)

Verified 2026-05-27

Required filing for non-deductible Traditional IRA contributions, backdoor Roth, and conversions.

Source URL →Refresh: Annual

IRS Form 5498 (IRA Contribution Information)

Verified 2026-05-27

Custodian-filed annual report of IRA contributions, conversions, and rollovers.

Source URL →Refresh: Annual

IRS Form 5329 (Additional Taxes on Qualified Plans, Including IRAs)

Verified 2026-05-27

Excess contribution penalty (6%) and early withdrawal 10% penalty calculation.

Source URL →Refresh: Annual

IRS Notice 2014-54 (Allocation of After-Tax Amounts to Rollovers)

Verified 2026-05-27

Permits separating after-tax and pre-tax 401(k) money on distribution; the legal foundation of the mega backdoor Roth.

Source URL →Published: 2014-09-18

IRS Notice 2023-62 (Administrative Transition Period for SECURE 2.0 § 603)

Verified 2026-05-27

Delays the SECURE 2.0 § 603 Roth-catch-up-for-high-earners rule from 2024 to 2026.

Source URL →Published: 2023-08-25

IRS Notice 2024-2 (SECURE 2.0 Implementation Guidance)

Verified 2026-05-27

Includes the 529-to-Roth rollover rules (SECURE 2.0 § 126).

Source URL →Published: 2023-12-20

TSP.gov Contribution Limits (Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board)

Verified 2026-05-27

Thrift Savings Plan elective deferral, catch-up, and annual additions limits for federal employees.

Source URL →Refresh: Annual (FRTIB mirrors IRC § 402(g))

TSP.gov: Roth and Traditional Contributions

Verified 2026-05-27

FRTIB explanation of Roth vs Traditional TSP for federal employees.

SECURE 2.0 Act of 2022 (Public Law 117-328, Division T)

Verified 2026-05-27

RMD age changes (§ 107), enhanced catch-up window ages 60-63 (§ 109), 529-to-Roth rollover (§ 126), high-earner Roth catch-up (§ 603).

Source URL →Published: 2022-12-29

Internal Revenue Code § 408A (Roth IRAs)

Verified 2026-05-27

Statutory basis for Roth IRA: tax-free qualified distributions, no lifetime RMD, income phase-outs, conversion rules.

Internal Revenue Code § 219 (Retirement Savings Contribution Limits)

Verified 2026-05-27

Statutory basis for Traditional IRA deduction limits and phase-outs.

Internal Revenue Code § 408 (Individual Retirement Accounts)

Verified 2026-05-27

General statutory framework for IRAs, including § 408(d)(2) pro-rata rule.

§ II

Refresh cadence

Primary annual pull

Second week of November each year, after the IRS posts the COLA notice for the following tax year.

Quarterly hash check

First of February, May, August, November. Checks the IRS Publication 590-A and IRS Notice pages for content changes (mid-year clarifications).

Tax-day pulse

April 1 each year. Confirms prior-tax-year contribution deadline messaging is current.

The refresh pipeline is open source. The script at tasks/20260527_FinanceAuthorityFeeds/scripts/refresh-irs-ira-limits.mjs runs on a GitHub Actions schedule (November 10 each year plus the quarterly hash-check), writes the JSON snapshot to the web/data/ folder, and the site rebuilds from that snapshot on the next deploy. The current snapshot file is irs-ira-limits-2026.json (IRS Notice 2025-67), with the prior year retained as irs-ira-limits-2025.json (IRS Notice 2024-80).

§ III

The legal foundation

The Roth IRA exists because Congress passed the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997. The Traditional IRA exists because Congress passed ERISA in 1974. The contribution limits move each year by statute under 26 U.S.C. § 415(d). The relevant sections of the Internal Revenue Code:

26 U.S.C. § 408A

The Roth IRA statute. Defines the account, the tax-free qualified-distribution treatment, the absence of lifetime RMDs, and the income phase-outs.

26 U.S.C. § 408

The Traditional IRA statute. Includes § 408(d)(2), the pro-rata rule, which is the trap that surprises high earners attempting the backdoor Roth.

26 U.S.C. § 219

Sets the deduction rules for Traditional IRA contributions, including the active-participant phase-outs that apply when you or your spouse have a workplace plan.

SECURE 2.0 Act of 2022

Public Law 117-328, Division T. Source of the RMD age changes (§ 107), the enhanced catch-up window at ages 60 to 63 (§ 109), the 529-to-Roth rollover (§ 126), and the high-earner Roth catch-up rule (§ 603).

§ IV

Transparency: the underlying data file

The full JSON snapshot is committed to the public repository and rebuilds the site at deploy time. Anyone can audit the numbers, the citations, and the refresh timestamps.

  • data/irs-ira-limits-2026.json - current tax year, sourced from IRS Notice 2025-67
  • data/irs-ira-limits-2025.json - prior tax year, sourced from IRS Notice 2024-80
  • data/irs-ira-limits-history.json - contribution limits 2014 through 2026, citation per year
  • data/sources.json - full source manifest with verification dates and per-page citation ledger
§ V

What this site is not

RothvsTraditionalIRA.com is a publicly accessible UX layer over IRS-published data. It is not affiliated with the IRS, the Treasury, the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board, or any brokerage. We are not a registered investment advisor and we do not provide personalised financial, tax, or legal advice. Contribution limits and tax law change. Verify against the IRS source documents linked above before making decisions, and consult a qualified tax or financial professional. Full disclaimer.